RELIGION

(Friso of the tomb of Artaxerxes You see a symbol of the god Ahura - Mazda within a disk winged)

The Persian religion underwent many changes over time. At first worshipped gods they represented natural forces and also took beliefs of the conquered peoples. In the seventh century a.C. Zaratustra called surge or a prophet Zoroaster who prosecuted the Persians in a monotheistic religion with trends. It maintained the existence of a higher god, Ahura Mazda, and the existence of good and evil principles as antagonistic. His teachings were collected by the holy book Avesta, which proposes a code of conduct of great moral courage, rejecting the sacrifices cruel and exalting the virtuosity and simplicity.

CULTURE AND ART

The arts and sciences Persian uses input from the conquered peoples, primarily the cuneiform of Mesopotamia. They built great palaces that had significant courtrooms. The decoration was luxurious, with columns, reliefs and decorative bricks Enameled representing animals and scenes of war.

The Persians were the first in history to mint currency. They were gold with the image of an archer and received the name of Daric. There used to trade but were treasured by the king as a symbol of wealth and prestige.

(THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A PERSIAN COIN)

TRADE AND INDUSTRY

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  WE DECIDE TO DESCRIBE DIFERENTS TOPICS ABOUT THE TRADE ANS THE INDUSTRY

(this is a One textile sasánida the fourth century)

1. The Persian industry under the government sasánida was developed from the domestic to the city.


2. The garments were made of silk from China, and silks sasánidas reached everywhere, serving as a model for the textile arts in Byzantium, China and Japan.


3. The influence of textiles and silverware sasánida reached as far away as Hispania.17 The Chinese merchants arrived in Iran to sell and buy raw silk carpets, jewelry, makeup ... Armenians, Assyrians and Jews contacted Persia and Rome to Byzantium in a slow exchange. It was built in the Persian Gulf ports to facilitate trade with India.


4. The state tried to take control sasánida monopoly of trade, with luxury goods assuming a major role in it, and very active in construction of ports, caravans posts, bridges, and where the objective was to unite trade with urbanization. The Persians dominated international trade, both with the Indian Ocean as in Central Asia and southern Russia in times of Cósroes, although the competition with the Byzantines at that time was intense.


5. The main products exported by the sasánidas tissues were silk, wool and gold, carpets and rugs, furs and skins and pearls in the Persian Gulf. There were also freight traffic from China (paper, silk) and India (spices) on which customs imposed sasánidas arranceles and were exported to Europe from the Empire.


6. The extraordinary mineral wealth of the Pamir mountains in the eastern borders of the Empire, the legend originated on the Tajiks, iranio people who lived there and whose legend still lingers.

Remarkable Events for the Humanity's history

One of the most memorable fights of the Persas' civilization was the "Medical Wars". It was between Persas and Greeks.

It was called Medical War, not for the topic that we hope about medicine or doctors involucrated there, it was becouse the greeks used the term "Medo" or "Persa" as similar.

The Medical War had two phases:

Maratón City-State, 490 a.C

The plain of Marathon, which was recommended for the disembarkation by the Athenian traitor Hipías, is not very wide and is flanked by not very high mountains, but that are sufficient to limit the capacity of maneuver of the cavalry. The Persian ones landed part(report) of this one to advance towards Athens from the South, but the natural ramp that leads to the plateau of the Ática was blocked by the arrival of the Athenians, who were lacking cavalry.

Here we have a picture with the King Persa, Dario that order to attack and coquer Grecia:
According to the legend, he(she) asked: " the one who is these people who is called Athenians? ", and on having known the response, it(he,she) exclaimed: " Oh Strait of Ormuz, give me occasion to take revenge for the Athenians! ". Later, whenever it(he,she) was sitting down to the table, one of his(her,your) servants had to say three times to him(her) to the ear(hearing) " gentleman, acordaos of the Athenians! ".

This war finished with the victory of the Greek army

Corinto's Isthmus, 480 a.C

Here, Persas and Spartans fight over the Corintos Isthmus, a samller span where 300 spartan's stop the Persas attack and killed more and less 10.000 persas.

Why we used this historic reference to talk about monuments, builds or facts for the history?

Becouse this war teach for the human history thought, and the persas never try to build or leave monuments fot the humanity, they only was thinking about war, but this war make to us a beauty monument in remenber us the situacion and the lesson:

This is a monument in memorial for the 300 Spartan men who fight on the Corinto's Isthmus.

Maybe the Persas don't have or make a lot of wonderfull biulds, but their zeal and desaire to do history inherent to other cultures to do it instead of the persas, for that we say that all of those kind of monumets couldn't exist instead the persas didn't try to conquer the world.

In adding with that, we can learn a lot with all the confrontations between Greeks and Persas, that the most important thing isn't the number and quantity to do something goodor finish our dreams or whatever we want, the most important thing is do it by heart, with pride, with love and effort for the things we want.

Old and New Gown

THE WOMAN IN THE ISLAM With the woman, the disinformation(misinformation) is spectacular. One presents it like to to be cloistered, submissive and deprived of freedom, of movement and of thought. An example, in this respect, is the treatment that has been given to the topic of the ablation of the clitoris in the mass media, provoking the general sensation that it(he,she) forms a part of the Islam, as one of his(her,your) rules. It(he,she) is not like that. The ablation is a tradition of certain African preexisting regions to the Islam. It(he,she) gets confused to the Islam with the traditions machists. The Islam is a way to find the peace, the freedom and the spiritual concentration, both for the man and for the woman. There are Moslem women who are covered by a gown that can be of diverse manners, but that fundamentally limits itself to covering his(her,your) hair, private parts, arms and legs, in the same way(alike) that it a Christian nun does, since it is a question in both cases, of deeply religious women that they have chosen to submit to a spiritual life, in which it(he,she) has fitted for the marriage(couple) and the children (thing that only happens in case of the Muslims). On the contrary other Muslims decide not to cover in a special way. The fact of covering or not, is a decision of personal character neither in that nor the father nor the husband, they must have some influence. Unfortunately this not always is like that and there exist cases in which certain parents or husbands force the woman to cover. These cases are very isolated though the mass media present them with many forcefulness, giving the false impression(printing) of being something general. It is a question of men belonging to cultures in which the machismo finds the opened doors deforming the real message of the Islam and mixing it with something "cultural" of his(her,your) country. Islam is a religion and is erroneous to mix it with no culture, in the same way(alike) that would be absurd to mix Christianity with the culture Palestine, where the above mentioned religion arose in a beginning(principle) today universal also.

It is necessary to remember that the Moslem man also has a few rules of gown, which must be wide, in no case to show captivations or zones adjusted to the body. In the man, the gown happens(passes) more unnoticed especially because few ones practise it correctly. In addition it(he,she) is advisable for the man to take the short hair.

Persian Art Work

The long prehistoric period in Iran, is known to us mostly from excavation work carried out in a few key sites, which has led to a chronology of distinct periods, each one characterised by the development of certain types of pottery, artefacts and architecture. Pottery is one of the oldest Persian art forms, and examples have been unearthed from burial mounds (Tappeh), dating back from the 5th millennium BC.
The "Animal style" which uses decorative animal motifs is very strong in the Persian culture first appearing in pottery, reappearing much later in the Luristan bronzes and again in Scythian art.

During the Achaemenian and Sassanian periods, metal-work continued its ornamental development. Some of the most beautiful examples of metal-ware are gilded silver cups and dishes decorated with royal hunting scenes from the Sassanian Dynasty.
The earliest known distinctive style of Persian painting dates back to the Seljuk period, which is often referred to as the "Baghdad School". Early painting was mainly used to decorate manuscripts and versions of the Holy Koran, though some 13th century pottery found near Tehran indicates an early, unique Persian style of art. During the Mongol period, paintings were used to decorate all sorts of books.

Persian architecture has a very long and complex history, and is often regarded as the field in which Persia made its greatest contribution to the world's culture. Although Persian styles differ sharply from any other Islamic architecture, they have strongly influenced buildings throughout much of the Islamic world, especially in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.

The art of the Iranian world from its earliest beginnings exhibited a constant and unmistakable characteristic, in spite of the many trends and currents and the abundance of foreign influences.

Persian Hierarchy and Roles.

To could talk about The Persian Hierarchies and roles on the families and society we have and need to know little things about their history and growing by the human history: The Persias is a civilization that begins in a separation into the Jew Mother Land on the epoch of Abraham and his two children, they had a lot of problems on the history and the result id the war that we know on the middle east between Irán and Israel. (All of that just to orientate)

The Hierarchy and the way to trate the society on the Iran people hasn't change a lot from the Persian civilization, we can observate almost the same:

1. Men rules over the women.


2. Women are the object whom does the domestical works and no more than it.


3. Alá is the only God and command the World with the Coran, it is the sacred book from them.

With that we can infer that is a population (as we know very radical) that put all things in practice and respect a lot the religious authorities ...... For that, the principal human authority after God, is the .... (accompained with the elected president, today) and the colaborators of the ...

On the family we can see the typical social structure, the father is the headleader of the family, but after him is nobody, the wife (or better wifes becouse they are poligamys*) doesn't have authority for anyone. This model of social life didn't change a lot with the years and centuries and milleniums, for that we can see that are the same now than yesterday on that.

Miguel Gómez H.